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Chronic intrathecal is administration resulted in reduced <t>DRD2</t> expression in the dentate gyrus and impaired cognitive function. ( A )–( B ) The Hind paw Mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in rats treated with is injection were markedly lower than those in sham rats. Data analyzed by two-way anova with Bonferroni correction; n = 6 rats per group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 as compared to sham rats. ( C )–( E ) Representative immunoblots and quantification illustrated decreased levels of DRD2 in the hippocampus and increased levels of CGRP in the tnc after repeated dural is stimulation; n = 6 rats per group. ( F ) RT-qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression of DRD2 in the hippocampus decreased in the CM group compared with the sham group. n = 6 rats per group. ( G )–( J ) Immunofluorescence labeling of DRD2 and neuronal markers (NeuN) in hippocampal subregions CA1, CA3, and DG, with quantitative evaluation of DRD2 fluorescence intensity; n = 4 rats per group. ( K ) A higher ratio of path length in the target quadrant in the sham group compared to the CM group during the probe trial. ( L ) Representative movement trajectories from the Morris water maze test for sham and CM groups. ( M ) IS rats showed increased escape latency relative to sham rats on the third day. Two-way anova followed by Tukey’s test; n = 8 rats per group. ( N ) Rats in the CM group spent significantly less time in the target quadrant during the probe test; data represent mean ± sem; unpaired Student’s t-test; ( O ) IS rats showed fewer platform crossings during the test session relative to sham controls. n = 8 rats per group. ( P ) IS rats showed significantly more non-spatial strategies compared to sham controls. Chi-square test of independence, χ 2 = 8.727, p = 0.0031; n = 8 rats per group. ( Q ) Thermal maps illustrating the exploration behavior of sham and is rats during the novel object recognition test. ( R ) The CM group showed a lower discrimination index during the nor test. ( S ) The CM group exhibited a lower recognition ratio during the novel object recognition test. All values represent mean ± sem; unpaired Student’s t-test unless noted; n = 8 per group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to sham group

Drd2, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 206 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/anti+drd2/D2DR+Antibody/pmc12888151-11-0-2
Average 94 stars, based on 206 article reviews

drd2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09

94/100 stars

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1) Product Images from "Downregulation of neuronal DRD2 drives microglia synaptic pruning and results in cognitive deficits by promoting CCL2 release in a rat model of chronic migraine"

Article Title: Downregulation of neuronal DRD2 drives microglia synaptic pruning and results in cognitive deficits by promoting CCL2 release in a rat model of chronic migraine

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02229-3

Chronic intrathecal is administration resulted in reduced DRD2 expression in the dentate gyrus and impaired cognitive function. ( A )–( B ) The Hind paw Mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in rats treated with is injection were markedly lower than those in sham rats. Data analyzed by two-way anova with Bonferroni correction; n = 6 rats per group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 as compared to sham rats. ( C )–( E ) Representative immunoblots and quantification illustrated decreased levels of DRD2 in the hippocampus and increased levels of CGRP in the tnc after repeated dural is stimulation; n = 6 rats per group. ( F ) RT-qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression of DRD2 in the hippocampus decreased in the CM group compared with the sham group. n = 6 rats per group. ( G )–( J ) Immunofluorescence labeling of DRD2 and neuronal markers (NeuN) in hippocampal subregions CA1, CA3, and DG, with quantitative evaluation of DRD2 fluorescence intensity; n = 4 rats per group. ( K ) A higher ratio of path length in the target quadrant in the sham group compared to the CM group during the probe trial. ( L ) Representative movement trajectories from the Morris water maze test for sham and CM groups. ( M ) IS rats showed increased escape latency relative to sham rats on the third day. Two-way anova followed by Tukey’s test; n = 8 rats per group. ( N ) Rats in the CM group spent significantly less time in the target quadrant during the probe test; data represent mean ± sem; unpaired Student’s t-test; ( O ) IS rats showed fewer platform crossings during the test session relative to sham controls. n = 8 rats per group. ( P ) IS rats showed significantly more non-spatial strategies compared to sham controls. Chi-square test of independence, χ 2 = 8.727, p = 0.0031; n = 8 rats per group. ( Q ) Thermal maps illustrating the exploration behavior of sham and is rats during the novel object recognition test. ( R ) The CM group showed a lower discrimination index during the nor test. ( S ) The CM group exhibited a lower recognition ratio during the novel object recognition test. All values represent mean ± sem; unpaired Student’s t-test unless noted; n = 8 per group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to sham group

Figure Legend Snippet: Chronic intrathecal is administration resulted in reduced DRD2 expression in the dentate gyrus and impaired cognitive function. ( A )–( B ) The Hind paw Mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in rats treated with is injection were markedly lower than those in sham rats. Data analyzed by two-way anova with Bonferroni correction; n = 6 rats per group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 as compared to sham rats. ( C )–( E ) Representative immunoblots and quantification illustrated decreased levels of DRD2 in the hippocampus and increased levels of CGRP in the tnc after repeated dural is stimulation; n = 6 rats per group. ( F ) RT-qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression of DRD2 in the hippocampus decreased in the CM group compared with the sham group. n = 6 rats per group. ( G )–( J ) Immunofluorescence labeling of DRD2 and neuronal markers (NeuN) in hippocampal subregions CA1, CA3, and DG, with quantitative evaluation of DRD2 fluorescence intensity; n = 4 rats per group. ( K ) A higher ratio of path length in the target quadrant in the sham group compared to the CM group during the probe trial. ( L ) Representative movement trajectories from the Morris water maze test for sham and CM groups. ( M ) IS rats showed increased escape latency relative to sham rats on the third day. Two-way anova followed by Tukey’s test; n = 8 rats per group. ( N ) Rats in the CM group spent significantly less time in the target quadrant during the probe test; data represent mean ± sem; unpaired Student’s t-test; ( O ) IS rats showed fewer platform crossings during the test session relative to sham controls. n = 8 rats per group. ( P ) IS rats showed significantly more non-spatial strategies compared to sham controls. Chi-square test of independence, χ 2 = 8.727, p = 0.0031; n = 8 rats per group. ( Q ) Thermal maps illustrating the exploration behavior of sham and is rats during the novel object recognition test. ( R ) The CM group showed a lower discrimination index during the nor test. ( S ) The CM group exhibited a lower recognition ratio during the novel object recognition test. All values represent mean ± sem; unpaired Student’s t-test unless noted; n = 8 per group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to sham group

Techniques Used: Expressing, Injection, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence, Labeling, Fluorescence

Transcriptome analysis shows increased phagocytosis and chemokine signalling activation in glial cells in the hippocampus of is rats. ( A ) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DRD2-KO versus wt mice. (|log₂FC| ≥ 1, FDR-adjusted p < 0.05; 846 total DEGs: 665 upregulated, 181 downregulated). ( B ) KEGG enrichment analysis highlights neuroinflammation, chemokine signalling, and microglia-related pathways (phagocytosis, protein digestion) in DRD2 ko mice. ( C ) GO analysis confirms microglial activation and phagocytosis in DRD2 ko mice. ( D ) Heatmap of key genes in the phagosome pathway. n = 3 mice per group. ( E ) Representative microglia (Iba1 + , red) immunofluorescence in hippocampal dg of WT and DRD2 ko groups. The boxed region is magnified (right). Scale bars: 100 μm (left), 20 μm (right). ( F ) Sholl analysis of microglia and a concentric circle diagram of WT and DRD2 ko groups. ( G ) No significant difference was found in the quantification of microglia in the dg area of the hippocampus between the two groups of mice.12 fields of view from 4 mice per group. ( H ) and( I ) Sholl analysis of the branch length and intersections of microglia in the dg of the hippocampus in WT and DRD2 ko groups. n = 20 microglia from 4 mice per group. ( J ) The average number of PSD95 + puncta per microglial cell was quantified in WT and DRD2 KO groups. ( K ) Representative 3D-rendered maximum projection of a confocal z-stack showing Iba1 and PSD95 in the dg of WT and DRD2 KO groups. Arrowheads indicate examples of PSD95 + puncta within Iba1 + microglial processes. ( L ) Volume ratio of engulfed PSD95 to total microglial cell volume. Data are shown as mean ± sem; unpaired Student's t-test; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus WT, n = 18 cells from 4 mice per group

Figure Legend Snippet: Transcriptome analysis shows increased phagocytosis and chemokine signalling activation in glial cells in the hippocampus of is rats. ( A ) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DRD2-KO versus wt mice. (|log₂FC| ≥ 1, FDR-adjusted p < 0.05; 846 total DEGs: 665 upregulated, 181 downregulated). ( B ) KEGG enrichment analysis highlights neuroinflammation, chemokine signalling, and microglia-related pathways (phagocytosis, protein digestion) in DRD2 ko mice. ( C ) GO analysis confirms microglial activation and phagocytosis in DRD2 ko mice. ( D ) Heatmap of key genes in the phagosome pathway. n = 3 mice per group. ( E ) Representative microglia (Iba1 + , red) immunofluorescence in hippocampal dg of WT and DRD2 ko groups. The boxed region is magnified (right). Scale bars: 100 μm (left), 20 μm (right). ( F ) Sholl analysis of microglia and a concentric circle diagram of WT and DRD2 ko groups. ( G ) No significant difference was found in the quantification of microglia in the dg area of the hippocampus between the two groups of mice.12 fields of view from 4 mice per group. ( H ) and( I ) Sholl analysis of the branch length and intersections of microglia in the dg of the hippocampus in WT and DRD2 ko groups. n = 20 microglia from 4 mice per group. ( J ) The average number of PSD95 + puncta per microglial cell was quantified in WT and DRD2 KO groups. ( K ) Representative 3D-rendered maximum projection of a confocal z-stack showing Iba1 and PSD95 in the dg of WT and DRD2 KO groups. Arrowheads indicate examples of PSD95 + puncta within Iba1 + microglial processes. ( L ) Volume ratio of engulfed PSD95 to total microglial cell volume. Data are shown as mean ± sem; unpaired Student's t-test; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus WT, n = 18 cells from 4 mice per group

Techniques Used: Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence

Modulation of DRD2 signalling alters microglial phagocytosis, synaptic density, and cognitive function in a rat model of CM ( A ) and ( B ) Western blot and quantification of PSD95 expression in the hippocampus. Quinpirole restored PSD95 levels in the dg of is rats, while sulpiride worsened it; n = 6 rats per group. ( C ) and ( D ) Representative golgi-stained images of hippocampal dendrites. Quinpirole lessened dendritic spine loss in is rats, whereas sulpiride intensified it. Scale bar: 5 μm; 20 dendrites from 4 rats. ( E ) and ( F ) Immunofluorescence co-labelling of Iba1 + (green) and CD68 + (red) microglia in the dg. White arrows point to CD68 + microglia. Quinpirole lowered CD68 expression, while sulpiride increased it; n = 12 fields from 4rats per group. ( G ) Representative 3D-rendered confocal maximum projection of Iba1 and PSD95 in the dg. Arrowheads highlight PSD95 + puncta inside microglial processes. ( H ) Quinpirole reduced, whereas sulpiride increased, the volume ratio of engulfed PSD95 to total microglia. ( I ) The number of PSD95 + puncta per microglia. Quinpirole reduced microglial phagocytosis of PSD95 in is rats; sulpiride enhanced it; n = 18 cells from 4 rats per group. ( J ) Example paths of rats in the MWM test phase. ( K ) escape latency during MWM learning. Quinpirole decreased latency in is rats. ( L ) The distance travelled in the target quadrant is relative to the total distance. ( M ) Quinpirole treatment prolonged the time spent in the target quadrant by is rats. ( N ) The number of platform crossings in quinpirole-treated rats showed an increasing trend. Quinpirole improved all these parameters in is rats. ( O ) The discrimination index of quinpirole-treated rats was higher than that of CM-treated rats in the nort. ( P ) The recognition ratio during nort. Quinpirole increased both measures in is rats; n = 8 rats per group. Data are presented as mean ± sem. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; unpaired Student’s t-test (A–I, L–P); two-way anova with Tukey’s post hoc test ( k )

Figure Legend Snippet: Modulation of DRD2 signalling alters microglial phagocytosis, synaptic density, and cognitive function in a rat model of CM ( A ) and ( B ) Western blot and quantification of PSD95 expression in the hippocampus. Quinpirole restored PSD95 levels in the dg of is rats, while sulpiride worsened it; n = 6 rats per group. ( C ) and ( D ) Representative golgi-stained images of hippocampal dendrites. Quinpirole lessened dendritic spine loss in is rats, whereas sulpiride intensified it. Scale bar: 5 μm; 20 dendrites from 4 rats. ( E ) and ( F ) Immunofluorescence co-labelling of Iba1 + (green) and CD68 + (red) microglia in the dg. White arrows point to CD68 + microglia. Quinpirole lowered CD68 expression, while sulpiride increased it; n = 12 fields from 4rats per group. ( G ) Representative 3D-rendered confocal maximum projection of Iba1 and PSD95 in the dg. Arrowheads highlight PSD95 + puncta inside microglial processes. ( H ) Quinpirole reduced, whereas sulpiride increased, the volume ratio of engulfed PSD95 to total microglia. ( I ) The number of PSD95 + puncta per microglia. Quinpirole reduced microglial phagocytosis of PSD95 in is rats; sulpiride enhanced it; n = 18 cells from 4 rats per group. ( J ) Example paths of rats in the MWM test phase. ( K ) escape latency during MWM learning. Quinpirole decreased latency in is rats. ( L ) The distance travelled in the target quadrant is relative to the total distance. ( M ) Quinpirole treatment prolonged the time spent in the target quadrant by is rats. ( N ) The number of platform crossings in quinpirole-treated rats showed an increasing trend. Quinpirole improved all these parameters in is rats. ( O ) The discrimination index of quinpirole-treated rats was higher than that of CM-treated rats in the nort. ( P ) The recognition ratio during nort. Quinpirole increased both measures in is rats; n = 8 rats per group. Data are presented as mean ± sem. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; unpaired Student’s t-test (A–I, L–P); two-way anova with Tukey’s post hoc test ( k )

Techniques Used: Western Blot, Expressing, Staining, Immunofluorescence

IS rats exhibit elevated CCL2 expression in hippocampal neurons, which DRD2 regulates. ( A ) Heat map of transcription levels of chemokine and complement genes associated with synaptic pruning in the hippocampus of DRD2 ko mice. ( B ) IS rats exhibit elevated hippocampal mRNA expression of chemokines associated with synaptic pruning; n = 6 rats per group. ( C ) and ( D ) Immunofluorescence co-labelling of neurons (green) and CCL2 (red) in the dg. Quinpirole decreased CCL2 expression in neurons, while sulpiride increased it. Scale bar = 100 μm, n = 4 rats per group. ( E ) Representative immunofluorescence image showing co-localization of dg microglia (green) and CCR2 (red) (indicated by white arrows). Data are shown as mean ± sem, with unpaired Student's t-test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Figure Legend Snippet: IS rats exhibit elevated CCL2 expression in hippocampal neurons, which DRD2 regulates. ( A ) Heat map of transcription levels of chemokine and complement genes associated with synaptic pruning in the hippocampus of DRD2 ko mice. ( B ) IS rats exhibit elevated hippocampal mRNA expression of chemokines associated with synaptic pruning; n = 6 rats per group. ( C ) and ( D ) Immunofluorescence co-labelling of neurons (green) and CCL2 (red) in the dg. Quinpirole decreased CCL2 expression in neurons, while sulpiride increased it. Scale bar = 100 μm, n = 4 rats per group. ( E ) Representative immunofluorescence image showing co-localization of dg microglia (green) and CCR2 (red) (indicated by white arrows). Data are shown as mean ± sem, with unpaired Student's t-test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Techniques Used: Expressing, Immunofluorescence

Western Blot:

Article Title: Dopamine receptor D2 regulates glioblastoma survival and death through MET and death receptor 4/5
Article Snippet: ONC201 and ONC206 were obtained from Oncoceutics and purchased from Selleckchem. .. The following primary antibodies were used: For immunoblotting, anti-DRD1 (324390, 1:2,000 for WB and 1:500 for IF; Calbiochem); anti-DRD2 (SC-5303, 1:1,000 for WB, 1:100 for IF and IP; Santa Cruz), anti-MET (SC-161, 1:1,000; Santa Cruz), anti-pMET (T1234/1235) (3077, 1:1,000 for WB and 1:200 for IF; Cell Signaling), anti-pY705 STAT3 (4113, 1:1,000; Cell Signaling), anti-STAT3 (9139, 1:2,000; Cell Signaling), anti-pERK1/2 (T202/Y204; 4377, 1:2,000; Cell Signaling), anti-ERK1/2 (4695, 1:2000; Cell Signaling), anti-TH (P4010, 1:1,000; Pel-freeze), anti-DR4 (42533, 1:1000 for WB and 1:100 for IP; Cell Signaling), anti-DR5 (8074, 1:1000 for WB and 1:100 for IP; Cell Signaling), anti-FADD (2782, 1:2000 for WB and 1:100 for IP; Cell Signaling), anti-cleaved Caspase8 (9496, 1:1000 for WB; Cell Signaling), anti-BID (2002, 1:1000 for WB; Cell Signaling), anti-V5 (R960-25, 1:4,000; Life Technologies), anti-GAPDH (SC-20327, 1:1,000; Santa Cruz), and anti-β-actin (1:5,000; Sigma-Aldrich). .. For immunofluorescence, anti-Sox2 (MAB2018, 1:200; R & D Systems) and anti-GFAP (Z0334, 1:500; DAKO) were used.

Incubation:

Article Title: Aberrant extracellular dopamine clearance in the prefrontal cortex exhibits ADHD-like behavior in NCX3 heterozygous mice.
Article Snippet: After the perfusion fixation procedure, the brain was removed and post-fixed in the same solution for 24 h at 4 °C, and brains were sectioned on a vibratome of 50 μm thickness (Leica VT1000S). .. Coronal sections were incubated for 30 min in PBS, 30 min in 2 N HCl, 1 h in blocking solution (Blocking One Histo; Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Kyoto, Japan), and then overnight in blocking solution at 4 °C with combinations of the following antibodies: rat anti-NCX3 (1 : 200 [65]), rabbit anti- Tyrosine Hydroxylase (1 : 200; AB152; Merck Millipore), mouse anti-phosphoCaMKII (Thr-286; 1 : 200; sc-32289; Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-DAT (1 : 200; PA1-4656; Invitrogen), anti-DRD1 (1 : 1000; sc-33660; Santa Cruz), anti-DRD2 (1 : 1000; sc5303; Santa Cruz), and c-Fos antibody (1 : 200; 2250; Cell Signaling Technology). ..

Article Title: DRD2-Mediated AMPK Ubiquitination Regulates the Occurrence of Hepatic Steatosis.
Article Snippet: Background & Aims: G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs) are important potential drug targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders.. The D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2), a GPCR receptor, is a member of the dopamine receptor family.. However, the role of DRD2 in regulating lipid metabolism, especially in hepatic steatosis, is unclear.

Article Title: Aberrant extracellular dopamine clearance in the prefrontal cortex exhibits ADHD ‐like behavior in NCX 3 heterozygous mice
Article Snippet: After the perfusion fixation procedure, the brain was removed and post‐fixed in the same solution for 24 h at 4 °C, and brains were sectioned on a vibratome of 50 μm thickness (Leica VT1000S). .. Coronal sections were incubated for 30 min in PBS, 30 min in 2 N HCl, 1 h in blocking solution (Blocking One Histo; Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Kyoto, Japan), and then overnight in blocking solution at 4 °C with combinations of the following antibodies: rat anti‐NCX3 (1 : 200 [ ]), rabbit anti‐ Tyrosine Hydroxylase (1 : 200; AB152; Merck Millipore), mouse anti‐phospho‐CaMKII (Thr‐286; 1 : 200; sc‐32289; Santa Cruz), rabbit anti‐DAT (1 : 200; PA1‐4656; Invitrogen), anti‐DRD1 (1 : 1000; sc‐33660; Santa Cruz), anti‐DRD2 (1 : 1000; sc‐5303; Santa Cruz), and c‐Fos antibody (1 : 200; 2250; Cell Signaling Technology). ..

Blocking Assay:

Labeling:

Article Title: Dopamine receptor D2 regulates inflammation and fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis disease.
Article Snippet: As the global obesity rate continues to rise, obesity-related liver diseases, especially metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatohepatitis (MASH), hasrapidly becomea major health challenge globally.. Currently, the pathogenesis of MASH remains unclear.. This study reveals that LPS + TNFα or TGFβ1 can enhance the expression of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) in hepatocytes and facilitate the internalization of DRD2 through protein kinase C (PKC) activation.

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